很多人遇到主谓一致，就“犯糊涂”，一动笔做题，就出问题，归根结底是没有真正理解这种主谓关系。小库今天就给大家解析主谓一致中的“表里不一”现象，大家可以参考学习。

含义：主谓一致，即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。

分类：主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

（一）语法一致

主谓一致最基本的就是语法一致原则，即作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上保持一致。如：

Few students are (be) really lazy.

Every girl comes (come) on time.

【注意】常见的几种语法一致情况：

1. 不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

To work hard is necessary.

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.

How you get there is a problem.

2. each, every, either, one, another, neither以及由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Each takes a cup of tea.Either is correct.

Neither plan suits me.Nothing but trees was to be seen.

3. 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The news at six o’clock is true.

（二）意义一致

有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。

The police have (have) not made any arrests. / Fifty-six dollars was (be) stolen.

1. 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数情况

集体名词在句中指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；在句中意指其具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

这类集体名词包括：army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, family, group, team, party, company, government, jury等。

My family is going to have a long journey. 我家要进行一次长途旅行。

My family are fond of music. 我的家人都喜欢音乐。

【注意】

（1）作复数的集合名词，如people, police, cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

（2）作不可数名词的集合名词，如furniture, equipment, machinery等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜捕他。

All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这家工厂所有的机器都是中国制造的。

2. the + 形容词（或过去分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。

The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。

The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤员们在这里受到了很好的照顾。

3. 学科名称作主语时，谓语动词的单复数情况

某些学科名称虽是复数形式，但这些词作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

这些词包括：electronics（电子学），mechanics（力学），classics（古典文学），linguistics（语言学），economics（经济学），statistics（统计学），physics（物理学），mathematics（数学）等。

Electronics is a piece of cake to him. 电子学对他来说很简单。

【注意】以-ics结尾的名词如果表示的是一门学科，动词用单数；如果指特定事物，动词用复数。如economics表示学科“经济学”时为单数，表示“经济情况”时为复数，需要结合语境进行区分。

4. 表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组作主语时，主语与谓语动词一致。

表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词（或词组）作主语时，如只指一种、一本或一个，谓语动词只用单数形式。

The New York Times is not available here. 这里没有《纽约时报》。

The United States was founded in 1776. 美国建于1776年。

5. 表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数情况。

这些复数名词，如表示抽象概念，被视作一整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示具体的多少，强调复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Eighty miles was covered in a single night. 一夜之间就走了八十英里。

Twenty years have passed since his parents died. 他父母去世已经二十年了。

（三）特殊一致

1. 就近原则

谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。主要包括：there be句型，以及有连词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not… but…等连接的并列成分。如：

There is (be) a teacher and three students in the classroom. 教室里有一名老师和三名学生。

Not you but your father is (be) to blame. 是你的父亲而不是你应受到指责。

2. 就远原则

谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于离它较远的词语的情况。

主要是指主语后面有with, together with, as well as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, but, except, including, in addition to等短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。如：

The teacher as well as the students was (be) reading in the library. 老师和学生都在图书馆读书。

The factory, including its machines, was (be) completely damaged in the fire.

这个工厂以及里面的机器在火灾中毁于一旦。

附：其他常见规则

活学巧用

1. Many a man____ that life is empty without any purpose.

A. think B. have thought

C. thinks D. are thinking

2.All that can be done____.

A. have been done B. have done

C. has been done D. has done

3. “Who has been planning the dance?”

” Everyone in the club____.”

A. is B. are C. have D. has

4.The tenth and the last chapter____ translated by Mr. Robinson.

A. are B. was C. is D. has been

5. Brown as well as two of his classmates____ invited to the party.

A. are B. was

C. were D. have been

6. Not all the children will visit____ parents on Sunday.

A. his B. its C. their D. her

7. lt’s the custom that each boy and girl____given a gift on Christmas Day.

A is B.are C. were D. was

8.The number of students in a foreign language class____usually limited to no more than thirty.

A.have B.are C. is D. were

9. Ten minutes____an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A. seemed B.is seeming

C.seem D.seems

10. Not only Tom but also his wife____ fond of watching television.

A.are B. were C.be D.was

11. I, who ____your best friend, will always stand with you.

A. is B. am C.be D. are

12. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth____sea.

A.is B. are C.were D. has been

13. The replacemnt of shops such as the grocer’s and chemist’s by cafes____ the housewives with insufficient facilities in shopping.

A.leave B. have left

C. has left D. is leaving

14. Twenty miles____a long way to cover.

A. have been B.is

C. are D. were

15. One of his works____ written in French last year.

A. was B. were

C. are D. would be

16. One or perhaps more pages____.

A. is missing B. was missing

C. has been mised D. are missing

17. Hard work and plain living ____characteristics of the working people.

A. is B.has bcon C. were D. are

18. Another five weeks____necessary for us to finish the work .

A.are B.was

C.is D.will have been

19. In the room____a big table and a great many chairs.

A. they are found B.are found

C.is found D. has been found

20. What they have done____ useful to the people.

A. are considered B. is considered

C. were considered D. will be considered

21. Jim is the only one of the staff members who____ to be promoted.

A. are B.have been

C. is D. has been

22. The assistant and graduate student____check the exercise books.

A. helps B. help

C. helping D. to help

23. Going to bed early and getting up early ____ a good habit.

A.is B.are C. were D. was

24. I have eleven novels. Nine of them are Chinese, and____are English.

A. others B. the others

C. the other D. another

25. Never____ our country been so prosperous as it is today.

A. has B. have C. does D. do

26. A knife and fork____on the table.

A. is B.are C. has D. have

27. A series of debates between the lectures____scheduled for the next weekend.

A. were B.are

C. have been D. was

28. Collecting stamps, playing chess and____are Mary’s hobbies.

A. to catch butterflies

B. catching butterflies

C. caught butterflies

D. catch butterflies

29. Writing stories and articles____ what I enjoy most.

A. are B. were C. was D. is

30. Mathematics____the language of science.

A. are B. are going to be

C. is D. is going to be

答案：

1.C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9. D 10. D

11.B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. B

21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C